Sichuan is one of the provinces in China with the most dramatic geography and ecology. To the west of the Chengdu Plain, the altitude rises from 500 meters to 7,500 meters within just a few hundred kilometers - basins, hills, mountains, canyons, plateaus, glaciers - almost all types of land landforms on Earth converge here. Here lies the vertical wonder of the Hengduan Mountains. Mount Gongga, the Four Sisters Mountain and Que 'er Mountain are interwoven with snow-capped peaks and deep valleys, with misty forest belts, alpine meadows and scree beaches advancing layer upon layer. The travertine Lake in Jiuzhaigou, the colorful pools in Huanglong and the Three Sacred Mountains in Daocheng Yading are all world-class natural landscapes. This place is also one of the regions with the richest biodiversity in China. Sichuan is home to nearly one-third of the country's higher plant species and is also the habitat of giant pandas, golden monkeys, takins and snow leopards. For insects and arachnids, the Hengduan Mountains in Sichuan, the mountainous areas at the edge of basins and the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests are home to countless rare species - stag beetles, longhorn beetles, ground beetles, butterflies, forming a hidden yet prosperous microscopic world in front of decayed wood, fallen leaf layers, valleys and light traps.
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Yunnan
Yunnan is China’s most ecologically diverse and mysterious province. From tropical rainforests to snow-capped mountains and glaciers, from low-altitude river valleys to alpine meadows, Yunnan—within an area of less than 400,000 square kilometers—harbors nearly every major ecosystem type found in China. It is the very heart of China’s biodiversity. Yunnan is home to more than half of the nation’s higher plant species and over half of its vertebrate species, earning it the title “Kingdom of Plants and Animals.” The tropical rainforests of Xishuangbanna, the evergreen broadleaf forests of Ailao Mountain, the cloud-forest belt of Gaoligong Mountain, and the vertical ecological gradients of the Hengduan Mountains—each forest is a world unto itself, with its own unique evolutionary history.
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Guizhou
Guizhou is China’s most unexpected chapter of ecological richness. A province without any plains, it nonetheless harbors, amid its mountains and canyons, a profoundly underestimated treasure trove of biodiversity. This is the kingdom of karst landscapes. Caves, sinkholes, underground rivers, peak clusters, and gorges—millions of years of water erosion have sculpted some of the most intricate subterranean and surface environments on Earth. The sea of clouds over Mount Fanjing, the primeval forests of Maolan, the bamboo groves of the Chishui River Valley, and the vertical forest zones of Mount Leigong—Guizhou has used the rugged grandeur of its karst to compose a three-dimensional geographical epic. Moreover, it is an ecological treasure chest that remains vastly underappreciated. With forest coverage exceeding 60 percent, Mount Fanjing is the sole home of the Guizhou snub-nosed monkey, and the Maolan Nature Reserve preserves the most intact karst primeval forest at its latitude. For insects and arachnids, Guizhou’s caves, decaying wood, stream valleys, and evergreen broadleaf forests serve as sanctuaries for countless rare species—ground beetles, longhorn beetles, stag beetles, and cave-dwelling insects have evolved unique life forms within the crevices of limestone and the underground rivers. From the morning mists of the Miaoling Mountains to the waterfalls of Chishui, from the cloud seas of Mount Fanjing to the turquoise waters of Libo, Guizhou, through its dramatic karst landscapes, conceals a realm of life that has yet to be fully fold.
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